BBC 自 然 世 界
佛罗里达州... Florida...
...以海滩闻名... ...famed for its beaches...
...蔚蓝色的海水... ...blue water...
和终年的日照。 and year-round sun.
但是远离人群处... But away from the crowds...
...佛罗里达却隐藏着狂野的一面。 ...Florida hides a wild side.
一些标志性居住者的家园... Home to some iconic residents...
...每年，它们都要面对大自然的全部力量。 ...every year, they face the full forces of nature.
现在，房子的压力越来越大。 And now, the pressure is building.
不断增长的人口和一群动物入侵者 A rising human population and a cast of animal invaders
威胁着自然秩序。 are threatening the natural order.
当一些人努力拯救它的时候... While some are fighting hard to save it...
本土野生动物正在寻找令人惊讶的适应方式。 the native wildlife is finding surprising ways to adapt.
但天堂的这个角落还能继续存在 But can this corner of paradise continue
并经受住日益增长的风暴吗？ to weather the growing storm?
佛罗里达 美国的动物天堂
佛罗里达位于美国大陆的东南部。 Florida lies to the southeast of mainland America.
几乎在热带地区。 It's almost in the tropics.
也就是说它受亚热带和热带气候的影响。 Which means it's affected by both subtropical and tropical climates.
解说 保罗·麦克盖恩
所以，虽然阳光充足... So, while there's plenty of sunshine...
...在潮湿的夏天却倾盆大雨... ...torrential rains pour down in the humid summer months...
...飓风横扫大地。 ...hurricanes rage across the land.
这种几千年来的动态组合 It's a dynamic mix that for millennia
支持了各种各样的野生动物... has supported a huge variety of wildlife...
...形成了独特的栖息地... ...and shaped unique habitats...
...从北部的松林... ...from pine forests in the north...
...到南部著名的埃弗格莱兹沼泽湿地。。 ...to the famous wetlands of the Everglades in the south.
在它的顶端，是佛罗里达群岛的珊瑚礁。 And at its tip, the coral reefs of the Florida Keys.
现在，这里所有的生命都在展望未来。 And now, all life here is looking to the future.
现在是四月初。 It's early April.
这是长叶松林旱季的高度。 The height of the dry season in the longleaf pine forests.
这些原生树曾经覆盖了该州的大部分地区。 These native trees once covered most of the state.
但经过多年的采伐， But after years of logging,
阿帕拉契科拉地区只剩下一小部分 just a fraction are left in the Apalachicola region
位于佛罗里达的狭长地带。 of Florida's panhandle.
在森林地表， On the forest floor,
它最谦逊的居住者之一正在外面寻找食物。 one of its most unassuming residents is out looking for food.
地鼠陆龟（穴居沙龟）。 A gopher tortoise.
这样的栖息地是它的天堂。 Habitat like this is his paradise.
树下开阔的大草原使这一切变得容易 The open savannah beneath the trees makes it easy
能够四处走动觅食。 to move around and feed.
它花时间 He takes his time
挑选它最喜欢的香草和味美多汁的青草。 to pick through his favourite herbs and succulent grasses.
但在每年的这个时候，电线草是火药箱般的干燥。 But at this time of year, the wire grass is tinderbox dry.
天气会在瞬间改变。 And the weather can change in an instant.
（隆隆的阵阵雷声） （THUNDER RUMBLES AND CLAPS）
佛罗里达号称是美国的闪电之都。 Florida is the lightning capital of the United States.
每年都有超过100万颗螺栓被击中。 Over a million bolts strike each year.
只要一把火就能点燃这干燥的环境。 And just one can ignite the parched landscape.
但这不是看起来般的灾难。 But this isn't the disaster that it looks.
这片森林需要火才能生存。 This forest needs fire to survive.
这些树木可以吸收热量 The trees can take the heat
当火焰清除了森林地面上不需要的灌木丛时。 as the flames clear the forest floor of unwanted scrub.
这使得新的长叶松能够发芽 This allows new longleaf pine to germinate
在没有竞争的情况下成长。 and grow without competition.
所有生活在这里的生物都得想办法对付无法控制的大火。 Everything living here has to find a way to cope with the inferno.
包括地鼠陆龟。 Including the gopher tortoise.
它用铲子似的脚挖洞。 He uses his shovel-like feet to dig burrows.
这些是躲避火焰的避难所。 These are a refuge from the flames.
不仅仅是乌龟依赖它们。 And it's not just the tortoise that relies on them.
有超过300种物种在使用这些隧道 Over 300 species use these tunnels
为了躲避火灾，飓风， to shelter from fire, hurricanes,
佛罗里达的气候会给它们带来各种极端的影响。 and all the extremes Florida's climate can throw at them.
这就是为什么地鼠陆龟是生活在这些森林里的 That's why the gopher tortoise is one of the most important animals
最重要的动物之一。 that lives in these forests.
但一个需要火的景观会引发重大冲突 But a landscape that needs fire creates major conflict
在一个有着越来越多的人类存在的国家。 in a state with a growing human presence.
每天有将近900人搬来这里， Almost 900 people move here every day,
加上两千万人口。 adding to a population of 20 million.
为了保护家园，雷击火灾必须立即扑灭。 To protect homes, lightning-strike fires must be put out immediately.
我们不能让火在风景四周蔓延。 We can't have fires just moseying around the landscape.
有些人会受到伤害。 There is people that would be in harm's way.
他们的房屋和人民的生计将受到影响。 Their houses and people's livelihoods would be affected.
为了保持长叶松林的生存， To keep longleaf forests alive,
在这里，燃烧是人为的 here, burns are man-made
并受到组织的严密控制 and carefully controlled by organisations
就像自然保护协会。 like The Nature Conservancy.
任何地方都需要通过规定的火灾来解决火灾问题。 Fire needs to be addressed really anywhere through prescribed fire.
我们必须控制这场火灾，我们必须保证它的安全。 We have to manage this fire, we have to keep it safe.
但是，我们会尽力地 However, we do our best
去模仿大自然母亲的做法 to mimic what Mother Nature would have done
采用自然点燃火的方法。 with naturally-ignited fires.
火是一种生态干扰， The idea of fire is an ecological disturbance,
但这确实给它带来了负面影响。 but that really puts a negative spin on it.
这种混乱的，看似毁灭性的力量 This chaotic, seemingly destructive force
是大自然的伟大复兴者。 is Mother Nature's great rejuvenator.
通过仿造自然，佛罗里达人正在引领潮流 By replicating nature, Floridians are leading the way
在整个美国的火灾管理领域。 in fire management across the United States.
他们降低了发生野火的风险并且 They've reduced the risk of wildfires and restored thousands
恢复了数千英亩的长叶松。 of acres of longleaf pine.
这是900多种物种赖以生存的独特栖息地。 A unique habitat that more than 900 species call home.
其中一种是濒危的红冠啄木鸟。 One of these is the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker.
它几乎只在长叶松上筑巢。 It nests almost exclusively in longleaf pine.
在树木消失的地方，它们也会消失。 And where the trees vanish, so do they.
多亏了火灾修复， Thanks to fire restoration,
它们正在卷土重来。 they're now making a comeback.
浩大的阿帕拉契科拉河流经于心脏位置 The mighty Apalachicola River runs through the heart
在这个长叶松主要栖息地。 of this longleaf stronghold.
它是该州20条主要河流之一。 It's one of 20 major rivers in the state.
它们创造了佛罗里达州著名的迷人的沼泽和湿地。 They create the enchanting swamps and wetlands Florida is famous for.
每年降雨量达数万亿升。 Trillions of litres of rain fall each year.
即使在旱季， And even in the dry season,
也很少有河流会完全干涸。 few rivers ever run completely dry.
它们是佛罗里达最具代表性的动物的家园。 They're home to some of Florida's most iconic animals.
而且，当你向南旅行时，这些会变得更加明显。 And, as you travel south, these become ever more present.
这是佛罗里达州中部的银河。 This is Silver River in Central Florida.
美国最大的淡水泉之一。 One of the largest freshwater springs in the United States.
每小时有9000万公升的水从地下涌出。 90 million litres of water forced up out of the ground every hour.
富含地球上的矿物质， Enriched with minerals from the Earth,
泉水清澈见底。 the spring water is crystal clear.
它一年四季都是温和的22摄氏度... It's a balmy 22 degrees Celsius all year round...
...是吸引了全州最神奇的动物们喜欢去的地方之一。 ...which attracts one of the state's most magical animals.
佛罗里达海牛。 A Florida manatee.
它们一生的大部分时间都在沿海地区度过。 They spend most of their lives around the coast.
但在20摄氏度以下的水中无法生存。 But can't survive in water below 20 degrees Celsius.
所以，在冬天，它们会向内陆进发 So, in winter, they head inland
去佛罗里达的泉水处。 to Florida's springs.
在这里，它们一天要吃八个小时的草， Here, they graze for up to eight hours a day,
以淡水草为食。 feasting on freshwater grasses.
它们濒临绝境， They were critically endangered,
部分原因是通往这些温暖水域的路线被封锁了 partly because routes to warm waters like these were blocked
由于过度开发造成的。 by increasing development.
但在2016年， But in 2016,
多亏了全州的努力保护， thanks to efforts across the state,
它们的数量已超过8000只。 their numbers exceeded the 8,000 mark.
又一次成为一种司空见惯的动物。 And are becoming a common sight once again.
但这个冬季避难所不仅仅吸引海牛。 But this winter refuge doesn't just attract manatees.
定居者和候鸟们也来这里养育它们的幼崽。 Residents and migratory birds come here to rear their young.
随着四月的到来，河岸变成了幼儿教育的开阔地。 And as April unfolds, the river banks become a nursery ground.
父母一定要提防。 Parents must be on their guard.
因为危险永远不会远离。 As danger is never far away.
这只红松鸡有七只雏鸡。 This moorhen has seven young chicks.
它们都渴求探索未知事物。 And they're all eager to explore.
但它们没有意识到它们所处的危险。 But they don't realise the peril they're in.
（小鸡呜咽） （CHICK WHIMPERS）
这些小鳄鱼是去年刚孵出的。 These baby alligators are last year's hatchlings.
八个月大的时候， And, at eight months old,
它们已经是专业的伏击捕食者了。 they're already expert ambush predators.
当动物们在这里发现它们踪迹的时候， While animals here are finding their feet,
在其他地方，其他更接近热带地区的动物正在转向求爱。 elsewhere, others closer to the tropics are turning to courtship.
在最南端是该州最具标志性的景观... To the far south lies the state's most iconic landscape...
...沼泽地。 ...the Everglades.
佛罗里达州南端的一片200万英亩的湿地。 A 2 million-acre wetland on Florida's southern tip.
这是美国最大的亚热带荒野。 This is the largest subtropical wilderness in the United States.
估计它能容纳4万亿升的水。 It can hold an estimated 4 trillion litres of water.
它充满了生命力。 And it's brimming with life.
包括美国最濒危的哺乳动物之一... Including one of the most endangered mammals in the USA...
...佛罗里达豹。 ...the Florida panther.
数百种沼泽地物种 Hundreds of marshland species
常年住在这里... live here all year round...
...与众多的鳄鱼为伴 ...alongside the greatest
是州里鳄鱼的聚集地... congregation of alligators in the state...
...成千上万的观鸟在树顶筑巢 ...while thousands of visiting birds nest in the tree tops
在冬春季节。 during winter and spring.
它虽然叫做湿地。 It's called a wetland.
但事实上，这是一片巨大的缓慢移动的水。 But, in fact, this is a giant slow-moving sheet of water.
有“草之河”之称。 Earning it the name the "river of grass".
在晚春，水位处于最低水平 In late spring, water levels are at their lowest
并且空气中有一种奇怪的声音。 and there's a strange sound in the air.
（大声咆哮） （LOUD GROWLING）
（短吻鳄咆哮） （ALLIGATOR GROWLS）
雄性短吻鳄在吼叫。 Male alligators are bellowing.
为了在这片广袤的水里找到配偶... To find each other in this vast expanse of water...
它们振动喉头发出低沉的咆哮声。 they vibrate their larynx to let out deep growls.
（咆哮声加剧） （GROWLING INTENSIFIES）
这种属于低频的声音， Low frequency sounds,
人类的听觉是听不见的， inaudible to human hearing,
但能造成水的波动。 make the water dance.
（咆哮的回声） （GROWLING ECHOES）
它告诉其他短吻鳄它们有多强大和壮实... It tells other alligators how big and strong they are...
...并且在一英里外都能听到。 ...and can be heard over a mile away.
这声音可以阻挡竞争对手... The sound wards off competitors...
...希望能吸引到一个伴侣。 ...and, hopefully, attracts a mate.
雌性可以很快做出反应... Females can be quick to respond...
...但它们并不总是很快就选择了伴侣。 ...but they're not always quick to pick a partner.
它们带领雄性跳一支欢快的舞， They lead males on a merry dance,
在最后决定他就是那个对象之前。 before finally deciding he is the one.
这种求爱可以持续几天... The wooing can last for days...
...夫妻多次交配... ...with couples mating multiple times...
...在分道扬镳之前。 ...before going their separate ways.
雄性可能会再次交配。 The males might partner again.
但是雌性现在把注意力转向筑巢。 But females now turn their attention to building a nest.
再过一个月，它就要为它们的蛋做好准备了。 In just a month's time, it needs to be ready for their eggs.
短吻鳄在佛罗里达很成功， Alligators are so successful in Florida,
几乎所有有水的地方都能找到它们。 they're found almost everywhere there's water.
但并不总是这样。 But it wasn't always this way.
被骂... （枪声） Reviled... （GUNSHOT）
...被误解了。 ...and misunderstood.
到了20世纪60年代，它们被猎杀到濒临灭绝。 By the 1960s, they'd been hunted to near extinction.
意识到他们可能会失去最具代表性的本土动物， Realising they could lose their most iconic native animal,
州野生动物保护机构采取了行动。 state wildlife agencies took action.
短吻鳄
横越
喂食或扰乱野生动物是违法的，最高罚款5000美元。
警告
狩猎被禁止了， Hunting was banned,
喂食或扰乱野生动物是违 法的,最高罚款5000美元
警告
建立再教育计划。 and re-education programmes established.
佛罗里达人把短吻鳄从灭绝边缘又拯救回来了。 Floridians brought alligators back from the brink.
一个史诗般的拯救野生动物获得巨大成功的故事。 An epic wildlife success story.
但现在，它们又受到了严重的威胁。 But now, they're under serious threat again.
上个世纪， In the last century,
65%的湿地已经排干供人类使用。 65% of this wetland has been drained for human use.
800多万人依赖大沼泽地 And more than 8 million people rely on the Everglades
为了他们的饮用水。 for their drinking water.
但是，对于本土野生动物来说， But the latest problem for indigenous wildlife
最新的问题是外来居住者的迁入。 is non-native residents moving in.
佛罗里达的气候意味着外来动物也可在这里繁衍生息。 Florida's climate means exotic animals thrive here.
绿色鬣蜥。 Green iguanas.
狮子鱼。 Lionfish.
甘蔗蟾蜍。 Cane toads.
现在有超过500种外来物种 There are now more than 500 non-native species
困扰着这个州。 plaguing the state.
大沼泽地与迈阿密接壤， And with the Everglades bordered by Miami,
一个拥有近50万人口的城市... a city of almost half a million people...
...这里是不受欢迎的异国宠物的聚集地。 ...this is a hotspot for unwanted exotic pets.
也许最具破坏性的... Perhaps the most destructive...
...是缅甸蟒蛇。 ...is the Burmese python.
来自东南亚的丛林和沼泽... Originally from the jungles and marshes of Southeast Asia...
...据估计，大沼泽地现在有着惊人的10万条 ...the Everglades is now estimated to be home to a staggering 100,000
这些入侵的爬行动物。 of these invasive reptiles.
它们是世界上最大的蛇之一。 They're one of the largest snakes in the world.
它们几乎可以吃任何东西... And they'll eat almost anything...
...包括短吻鳄。 ...including alligators.
并且它的自然天敌很少， With few natural predators,
这些入侵者几乎是具有势不可挡的力量。 these invaders are an almost unstoppable force.
但人们正在反击。 But people are fighting back.
缅甸蟒蛇在70年代通过宠物贸易来到这里， Burmese pythons came here in the '70s from the pet trade,
它们可以长到18-20英尺。 and they can get to be 18-20 feet long.
人们不知道该怎么处理它们， People didn't know what to do with them,
所以他们出来放了它们。 so they came out here and let them go.
一旦立足，蟒蛇迅速开始繁殖。 Once established, the pythons rapidly started breeding.
它们一直在大沼泽地国家公园吃东西。 They've been eating their way through Everglades National Park.
实际上98%的哺乳动物都被吃掉了 Literally 98% of the mammals have been eaten
被这些缅甸蟒蛇。 by these Burmese pythons.
它们吃鹿，吃短吻鳄... They're eating deer, they're eating alligators...
我们带它们来这儿，而我们也必需带它们走。 We brought them here, we need to take them out.
这就是我来这里的目的。 And that's what I'm here to do.
有偿承包商日夜巡逻大沼泽地周围的堤坝。 Paid contractors patrol the levees around the Everglades day and night.
所有的蟒蛇都会在这里制造麻烦。 All of the pythons create a problem here.
从一条26英寸长的小蟒蛇 Everything from a small python that comes out 26 inches
到超过10英尺的大蟒蛇都有繁殖。 up to anything over ten feet that's breeding.
14英尺以上的，它们是怪物。 After about 14 feet, they're monsters.
你知道的，它们是怪物蛇。 You know, they're monster snakes.
雌性一年能产卵100多个。 The females can lay over 100 eggs a year.
因此，解决这个问题是一项艰巨的任务。 So getting on top of this problem is a daunting task.
停，停一下。 Stop, stop for a second.
像那样抓一条大蟒蛇是一种经验。 Grabbing a big constrictor like that is an experience.
你一定要伸进去用双手抓住它， You definitely have to go in, grab it with both hands,
确保你知道你在做什么。 make sure you know what you're doing.
你不想让它缠在你脖子上，因为它们会杀了你。 You don't want it to wrap around your neck cos they can kill you.
到时你肯定想要后援。 You definitely want to have backup.
（蛇嘶嘶作响） （SNAKE HISSING）
在搬迁计划的头两年... In the first two years of the removal programme...
...25支队伍... ...25 teams...
...带走了将近2000条成年蛇。 ...took out almost 2,000 adult snakes.
但还有很多事情要做。 But there's much more to be done.
我们正在进行的斗争更大 The war that we're fighting is bigger
而不是我们已经赢得的斗争。 than the battle that we're winning.
你到野外去放走你的宠物 You're not doing your pet a favour by letting them go
不是在帮你的忙。 out here in the wild.
你认为，你知道，“在这里-自由，享受乐趣！” You think, you know, "Here - be free, have fun!"
这样不行。 It doesn't work that way.
这些蛇的引入造成了难以想象的破坏 The introduction of these snakes has caused unimaginable damage
对于佛罗里达的自然生态系统来说。 to Florida's natural ecosystems.
所以，必须人道地消灭蟒蛇。 So, the pythons have to be humanely destroyed.
我喜欢这些缅甸蟒蛇， I love these Burmese python,
它们真是一种迷人的生物。 they're really a fascinating creature.
只是它们不属于这里。 It's just that they don't belong here.
我们带它们来这儿，而我们也必需带它们走。 We brought them in, we need to take them out.
人类对整个州都产生了巨大的影响。 Humans have had a big impact right across the state.
旱季是假日的高峰期。 The dry season is peak holiday time.
当天气风平浪静的时候... When the weather is calm...
...旅游业每年为佛罗里达海岸带来一百万人... ...tourism brings 100 million people to Florida's shores each year...
...给这片脆弱的土地带来更大的压力。 ...putting even more pressure on this fragile land.
但它也占了该州经济的10%。 But it also accounts for 10% of the state's economy.
它的自然环境也很吸引人。 And it's natural environments are very much part of the draw.
它最吸引人的地方之一 One of its biggest attractions lies
位于该州最南端。 at the southernmost tip of the state.
佛罗里达群岛。 The Florida Keys.
由1700多个岛屿组成的群岛... An archipelago of more than 1,700 islands...
...向南延伸到热带地区。 ...stretching south toward the tropics.
它们被桥串在一起... They're strung together by bridges...
...铺盖着红树林。 ...and carpeted in mangrove trees.
它是热带天堂--对于海洋生物... A tropical paradise - for marine life...
...和人类来说。 ...and people alike.
在海浪之下是佛罗里达礁区。 Beneath the waves lies the Florida Reef Tract.
它是世界上第三大堡礁... It's the third largest barrier reef in the world...
...也是北美唯一的一个。 ...and the only one in North America.
但这里的空间很紧缺。 But space here is at a premium.
随着海平面上升... With rising sea levels...
...以及越来越强大的风暴... ...and increasingly powerful storms...
...礁岛群上的生命也岌岌可危。 ...life in the Keys is precarious.
不需要太多就可以把它逼到临界点。 And it doesn't take much to tip it over the edge.
（雷声隆隆） （THUNDER RUMBLES）
2017年，伊尔玛，4级飓风， In 2017, Irma, a massive Category 4 hurricane,
从大西洋吹过来... swept in from the Atlantic...
...带来灾难性的后果。 ...with catastrophic effect.
它造成红树林光秃秃的... It stripped mangrove trees bare...
...还有被污染的淡水。 ...and contaminated fresh water across the lower Keys.
六个月过去了，损害仍然可见。 Six months on, the damage is still visible.
居民们担心礁岛群上最珍贵的物种之一已经消失。 Residents feared one of the Keys' most precious species had been lost.
然而，值得庆幸的是，它还在持续。 Yet, remarkably, it's holding on.
这些是礁岛上的鹿。 These are Key deer.
白尾鹿的一个小亚种 A tiny subspecies of white-tailed deer
只在这些岛上有发现。 found only on these islands.
只有70厘米高， At just 70 centimetres tall,
它们比它们的大陆表亲小三分之一。 they're a third smaller than their mainland cousins.
几乎有1000只这样的小鹿生活在一个集群中 Almost 1,000 of these miniatures live across a cluster
在礁岛群以南的岛屿上。 of islands to the south of the Keys.
它们可能很小， They may be small,
但这些精明谨慎的小鹿是幸存者。 but these canny little deer are survivors.
从塑料和飓风的碎片残骸中挑选， Picking through plastic and hurricane debris
充分利用被冲毁的海草。 to make the most of washed-up seagrass.
它们甚至会冒险进入开阔水域 They'll even venture into open water
为了得到它们最重要的食物... to reach their most important food...
...红树林。 ...the mangrove trees.
但这里的生活仍然存在不确定性。 But life is still uncertain here.
它们的饮用水充满了盐 With their drinking water full of salt
它们的许多觅食场都被毁了。 and many of their feeding grounds destroyed.
这些礁岛鹿现在正在城市地区寻求庇护。 The Key deer are now seeking refuge in urban areas.
（狗叫） （DOG BARKS）
危险 建设区域 禁入
人们并未受到干扰... Unfazed by people...
...他们呆在家里做着自己的事情。 ...they're making themselves at home.
一些居民提供新鲜的饮用水。 Some residents provide fresh drinking water.
但这种对人类的依赖远远不够理想。 But this reliance on humans is far from ideal.
这使它们离公路更近了。 It brings them closer to roads.
事实上，飓风并不是它们最大的威胁。 And, in fact, hurricanes are not their greatest threat.
而是与汽车发生的碰撞。 It's collisions with cars.
在晚春， In late spring,
这些鹿充分利用了平静的天气， these deer make the most of the calm weather,
为未来动荡的几个月存储能量。 saving energy for the turbulent months ahead.
一切都很快就会改变。 All too soon, things are going to change.
六月标志着夏天的到来。 June marks the arrival of summer.
信风从大西洋的东南方吹来。 Trade winds blow in from the southeast Atlantic.
带来源源不断的温暖潮湿的空气。 Bringing a continuous stream of warm, moist air.
现在飓风随时都有可能发生。 Hurricanes are now possible at any time.
每天随着气温的升高，湿度不断增加， Every day as temperatures rise, humidity builds and competes
与大气中的高空冷空气竞争加剧。 with cooler air high up in the atmosphere.
每天下午，就像钟表定时一样， And every afternoon, like clockwork,
云层倾泻出它们的水分。 the clouds dump their contents.
雨季开始了... The wet season has begun...
...在短短四个月的时间里，佛罗里达州60%的年降雨量都被倾泻在此。 ...dousing Florida in 60% of its annual rainfall in just four months.
雨水修复了受损的红树林... The rain restores battered mangroves...
...火迹斑斑的森林... ...fire-scarred forests...
...灌满了沼泽地。 ...and fills the Everglades to their brim.
每年平均降雨量为1.5米... With an average of 1.5 metres of rainfall each year...
...沼泽地现在是佛罗里达的湿地。 ...the Everglades is now the wettest place in Florida.
而且是，突然之间，有更多的水在流动。 And, suddenly, there's a lot more water on the move.
但是有个问题。 But there's a problem.
41号公路。 Highway 41.
它建于20世纪20年代，当时人们还没意识到大沼泽地 Built in the 1920s before people realised the Everglades
是一片流动的水。 was a moving sheet of water.
这条路东西横贯广阔的湿地。 This road intersects the vast wetland east to west.
并且，在不经意间，它停止了流动。 And, inadvertently, stops the flow.
夏天，北边的路 In the summer, the north side
远比南边的路要满得多。 of the road is far fuller than the south.
人们认为这样的水位中断 It's thought that disruption to water levels like this
是该地区90%涉水鸟 is responsible for the disappearance of 90%
消失的原因。 of the area's wading birds.
现在，为了恢复平衡， Now, in an attempt to restore the balance,
巨型水泵将数十亿升的水从北向南输送。 giant pumps shift billions of litres of water north to south.
高架桥让水再次自然流动... And raised bridges allow the water to flow naturally once more...
...对像短吻鳄这样的动物很重要 ...essential to animals like alligators
因为它们把这片荒野视为家园。 that call this wilderness home.
藏在锯草丛里， Tucked away amongst the saw grass,
短吻鳄的巢已经孵蛋两个月了。 alligator nests have been incubating eggs for two months now.
它们是围绕着小树根建造的， They're built around the roots of small trees,
当水位上升时，它们会被固定住。 which anchor them as water levels rise.
雌母看护着每一个蛋， A female guards each one,
耐心地等待她的孩子出现。 patiently waiting for her young to emerge.
到了八月，第一批动物幼崽已经孵化出来。 And by August, the first babies have hatched.
一个星期大的时候，它们完全被伪装了。 At just a week old, they're perfectly camouflaged.
明亮的黄色条纹使它们在干草中看不见 Bright yellow stripes make them invisible amongst the dried grasses
因巢是在干草丛中建的。 the nest is built around.
在这个时期，它们每天都在一起 At this age, they spend their days close together
成群结队地称为豆荚（意思就是它们长得一模一样）... in groups called pods...
...在它们警惕的母亲的注视下. ...under the gaze of their watchful mother.
它们只有20厘米长，毫无防备。 At just 20 centimetres long, they're defenceless.
是一种垂手可得的盘中餐，对于路过的鸟 An easy meal for a passing bird
或饥饿的雄性短吻鳄来说. or a hungry male alligator.
但当夜幕降临时， But when darkness falls,
这些幼崽又显示出不同的一面。 these hatchlings show a different side.
周围的天敌捕食者越来越少， With fewer predators around,
年轻幼崽们显现出新的自信。 the youngsters take on a new confidence.
它们从豆荚队伍中挣脱出来，独自出发。 They break away from their pods and set out alone.
虽然它们看起来很可爱， And while they might look cute,
即使在这么小的年纪， even at this tender age,
它们已经有了捕猎的本能。 they already have the instinct to hunt.
它们的母亲会保护它们，但她不会喂它们。 Their mother will protect them, but she won't feed them.
所以它们必须先掌握窍门。 So they have to get the hang of it first.
在这个年龄，它们几乎整夜不停地捕猎。 At this age, they hunt almost constantly through the night.
扑向它们捕食的小昆虫和小鱼 Pouncing on their prey of tiny insects and fish
虽然还不够精准。 with not quite expert precision just yet.
它们会在明年完善这些技能... They'll perfect these skills over the next year...
...直到它们大到可以单独行动。 ...until they're big enough to go it alone.
（雷声隆隆） （THUNDER RUMBLES）
随着雨季的持续，风开始增强... As the wet season continues, winds pick up...
...更潮湿的天气从大西洋吹来。 ...and more humid weather is blown in from the Atlantic.
风暴正在遥远的海洋中形成。 Storms are building far out in the ocean.
刚刚从上个雨季的冲击中恢复过来， Still recovering from last season's onslaught,
佛罗里达群岛的居民用板条封好舱口。 residents of the Florida Keys batten down the hatches.
但是强大的风暴不仅仅影响陆地... But powerful storms don't just impact the land...
...它们也破坏了海浪下的生活。 ...they disrupt life beneath the waves too.
佛罗里达的堡礁是重要的自然防御。 Florida's barrier reef is a vital natural defence.
它从海底升起 It rises up from the ocean floor
承受着风暴潮的冲击... and bears the brunt of storm surges as they roll in...
...在它撞击着陆前吸收其撞击力。 ...absorbing the impact before it hits land.
从历史上看，这些风暴会把珊瑚剪切成碎片， Historically, these storms sheared off pieces of coral,
但它们会重新附着在其他地方，形成一个更健康的珊瑚礁。 but would re-attach elsewhere, creating a healthier reef.
但是现在，珊瑚礁没有足够的时间 But now, the reef doesn't have enough time
在暴风雨之间恢复了。 to recover between storms.
再加上污染、漂白 And along with pressures like pollution, bleaching
和海洋酸化等压力， and ocean acidification,
它们有麻烦了。 it's in trouble.
所以科学家们正在介入。 So scientists are stepping in.
如果佛罗里达完全失去了佛罗里达礁区， If Florida lost the Florida Reef Tract completely,
我们很可能会看到像佛罗里达群岛这样的地方 it's likely that we would see a place like Florida Keys
就会被完全冲走了。 completely washed away.
珊瑚修复基金会目前处于领先地位 The Coral Restoration Foundation is leading the way
在拯救世界各地的珊瑚礁方面。 in saving reefs around the world.
我们研究过的主要珊瑚是鹿角珊瑚和麋鹿珊瑚。 The main corals that we'd worked with are staghorn and elkhorn.
我们研究它们形成的原因是从那些占优势的珊瑚 And the reason why we started there is those are the dominant corals
并在佛罗里达州发现的开始的。 that were found in Florida.
它们实际上已经失去了97%的数量。 They've actually lost about 97% of their populations.
所以我们真的把我们的努力集中在 So we've really focused our efforts into growing thousands
一个培育环境中培育成千上万的珊瑚。 upon thousands of these corals in a nursery setting.
他们开发出了一套开创性的系统。 They've developed a pioneering system.
把珊瑚碎片悬浮在水塔上， By suspending coral fragments in the water column,
它们提供360度的食物和阳光。 they give them 360 degrees of food and sunlight.
这会加速珊瑚的生长，并产生新的珊瑚来修复珊瑚礁。 This speeds up growth and produces new coral to restore the reef.
所以我们会在它们从培育温床可利用时去收获它们， So we'll actually harvest them when they're ready from the nursery,
然后我们直接把它们粘在礁石基底上 and then we'll attach them directly onto the reef substrate
在我们称之为外植的过程中。 in a process that we call outplanting.
一旦我们有了一个干净的区域，或者干净的石灰岩，我们就利用这两个部分 Once we have a clean area, or clean limestone, we then use this two-part
加上海洋环氧树脂，我们把环氧树脂附着在礁石上 marine epoxy, and we attach that epoxy to the reef
然后我们轻轻地把珊瑚直接压到环氧树脂里。 and then we gently press the coral directly into that epoxy.
碎片与裸露的石灰岩融合在一起， The fragments fuse with the exposed limestone,
形成新的生长点。 forming new growth.
这个团队培养出一种基因多样的混合体... The team grows a genetically diverse mix...
...希望至少有些能承受 ...in the hope that at least some will withstand
珊瑚礁所承受着的不同压力。 the different pressures the reef is under.
在过去的十年里，他们已经植入了超过7万个碎片。 They've planted more than 70,000 fragments in the past decade.
现在人们普遍认为积极干预是必要的。 It's now widely understood that active intervention is a necessity.
我们已经过了它们可以自然恢复的临界点。 We're past the tipping point where they could recover naturally.
所以，修复计划的重点是 So, the point of a restoration programme is to produce
珊瑚的丰富和多样性 the abundance of corals and the diversity of corals that
这些珊瑚礁需要能够适应不断变化的环境。 these reefs need to be able to keep up with their changing environments.
当人们努力恢复这些脆弱的景观时... While people work to restore these fragile landscapes...
...在海浪之上，恶劣的天气还在继续。 ...above the waves, the turbulent weather continues to build.
九月和十月是飓风最有可能袭击的时候。 September and October are when hurricanes are most likely to hit.
所以，在它们到来之前，最后一批春季游客必须离开。 So, before they do, the last of the springtime visitors must depart.
燕尾鸢从三月份就来了。 Swallow-tailed kites have been here since March.
北美每年有三分之二的动物种群来到佛罗里达 Two-thirds of the North American population come to Florida
繁育后代。 each year to breed.
求爱，喂食， Courting, feeding,
畅饮，甚至张着翅膀洗澡... drinking and even bathing on the wing...
...这些非凡的鸟的脚几乎从不触地。 ...the feet of these extraordinary birds almost never touch the ground.
它们即将踏上5000英里的旅程 They're about to make the 5,000-mile journey
到它们在南美洲的冬季觅食场。 to their winter feeding grounds in South America.
成千上万的鸟聚集在一起准备。 And thousands of birds come together to prepare.
当它们为飞行储存能量时， As they store up energy for the flight,
它们不被打扰是很重要的。 it's vital they aren't disturbed.
所以它们聚集在遥远的栖息地... So they gather in remote roosts...
...远离人们。 ...far from people.
早上洗完澡... After a morning bath...
...鸢梳理羽毛，使它们保持良好竞技状态 ...the kites preen their feathers, to keep them in condition
为了未来的长途旅行。 for the long journey to come.
它们似乎能感觉到大气的变化 They appear to sense atmospheric changes
当飓风开始逼近时。 as hurricanes begin to approach.
但这些鸟非但没有避开这些风暴... But far from avoiding these storms...
...研究人员认为它们反而利用了这些逆风。 ...researchers suggest the birds capitalise on their headwinds.
当时机成熟的时候... And when the time is right...
...它们乘势而飞。 ...they take flight.
每年的这个时候，成百上千的鸟在栖息的上空翱翔。 Hundreds, even thousands, soar above roosts at this time of year.
它们南下的旅程可能需要4个月的时间。 Their journey south can take up to four months.
还有最后一次进食机会。 And there's time for one last feed.
现在鸟儿们直奔我们创造的风景区。 Now the birds head straight to a landscape created by us.
农业牧场上到处都是昆虫。 Agricultural pasture is alive with insects.
这就是它们分叉尾巴的由来。 And this is where their forked tail comes in.
能够旋转近90度... Able to rotate almost 90 degrees...
...它们把它当作舵。 ...they use it like a rudder.
它们丢弃翅膀，加餐吃食猎物的富含蛋白质 They discard the wings and fuel up on the protein rich-bodies
的身体。 of their prey.
一旦它们吃饱了，终于该离开了。 Once they've had their fill, it's finally time to leave.
它们的栖息处已空空荡荡。 Their roosts are left eerily empty.
佛罗里达州的米克苏基部落 The Miccosukee Tribe of Florida
称它们为飓风的领导者。 call them the leaders of the hurricanes.
当它们消失的时候，风暴将滚滚而来。 As they vanish, the storms roll in.
它们在数千英里外的大西洋深处形成。 They've been forming thousands of miles away, far out in the Atlantic.
夏季的气温使海洋表面变暖。 Summer temperatures have warmed the ocean's surface.
当温暖的空气从水中升起时，它会带走水分， And as warm air rises from the water, it lifts moisture with it,
制造巨大的云层。 creating giant stacks of cloud.
（雷声） （THUNDER CLAPS）
随着更多的空气被吸入下面... As more air is sucked in below...
...风开始向内旋转... ...winds begin to spiral inward...
...形成了一个漩涡。 ...and a vortex is formed.
风暴每走一英里，速度和力量都会加快。 The storm gathers pace and power with every mile.
当它的风速达到每小时74英里时，它就会变成一股势不可挡的力量。 And when its winds reach 74mph, it becomes an unstoppable force.
温暖的海水为形成这些怪物风暴创造了一条途径。 The warmest waters create a path for these monster storms to follow.
这是飓风小巷， This is Hurricane Alley,
它把许多飓风带到了佛罗里达州。 and it brings many of them barrelling straight into Florida.
这个州遭受飓风的直接袭击 This state has experienced more direct hits by hurricanes
比北美其他任何地方都多。 than anywhere else in North America.
它们变得越来越强劲。 And they're getting stronger.
研究表明人类引起的气候变化是它形成的驱动力。 Research suggests human-induced climate change is the driving force.
我们的海洋是有记录以来最热的， Our oceans are the hottest they've been since records began,
这种能量使飓风比以往任何时候都更强大。 and this energy makes hurricanes more powerful than ever before.
2018年飓风"迈克尔"袭击时， When Hurricane Michael struck in 2018,
这是有史以来最强的风暴之一 it was one of the most powerful storms to ever
在佛罗里达登陆。 make landfall in Florida.
风速为每小时155英里... With winds of 155mph...
...它把整个城镇夷为平地... ...it flattened entire towns...
...破坏了风景。 ...and ravaged the landscape.
阿帕拉契科拉的长叶松林... The longleaf pine forests in Apalachicola...
...受到了暴风雨的猛烈冲击。 ...were hit by the full force of the storm.
然而，值得注意的是，这些树不仅能应付火灾... Yet, remarkably, not only do these trees cope with fire...
...它们也能在飓风中幸存。 ...they can survive hurricanes too.
在那里，外来树种已经折断并倒下， Where non-native species have snapped and fallen,
长叶松柔软的树干随风弯曲。 the longleaf pine's supple trunks have bent with the winds.
年轻树种生长的好也幸存了下来。 Young growth has also survived.
这里的动物也经受住了风暴。 And the animals here have weathered the storm too.
地鼠陆龟的洞穴再一次提供了庇护 The gopher tortoises' burrows have once more provided shelter
为数百种森林物种。 for hundreds of forest species.
这就是本土佛罗里达演变自己的地方。 This is where native Florida comes into its own.
它的动植物已经进化了 Its plants and animals have evolved
能够应付最严酷的自然力。 to cope with the harshest forces of nature.
随着雨水的退去... As the rains recede...
...飓风就要过去了... ...and hurricanes blow over...
...面对越来越大的压力... ...in the face of the growing pressures...
...生活还在继续。 ...life goes on.
公礁岛鹿在争夺下一代父亲的权利。 Male Key deer battle for the right to father the next generation.
短吻鳄准备放慢速度 Alligators prepare to slow down
在寒冷的冬天消失。 and disappear for the cooler months of winter.
佛罗里达的人民继续开拓新的方法 And the people of Florida continue to pioneer new ways
为了帮助这个州的自然生态环境... to help this state's native landscapes...
...好让它们更好地应对不确定的未来。 ...putting them in a better place to cope with an uncertain future.
在他们的帮助下，现在， With their help, for now,
动物和风景仍然持续... the animals and landscapes are holding on...
...在这个瞬息万变的天堂角落里乘风破浪。 ...riding the storm in this rapidly changing corner of paradise.